J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 6, December 2015, pages 277-282

The Role of D-Dimer, Fibrinogen and C-Reactive Protein as Plasma Biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke

**Table 1.** Etiological Subtypes of the Ischemic Stroke Among Patient Group
Etiology	Patient group (N = 100)
Atherosclerosis	48	48.0
Embolic	21	21.0
Lacunar	17	17.0
Undetermined	12	12.0
Others	2	2.0

Table 1. Etiological Subtypes of the Ischemic Stroke Among Patient Group

Etiology

Patient group (N = 100)

No.

Atherosclerosis

48.0

Embolic

21.0

Lacunar

17.0

Undetermined

12.0

Others

2.0

**Table 2.** Site of Infarction Among Patient Group
Site	Patient group (N = 100)
Anterior cerebral artery occlusion	8	8.0
Middle cerebral artery occlusion	67	67.0
Vertebrobasilar occlusion	20	20.0
Multiple lacunar	5	5.0

Table 2. Site of Infarction Among Patient Group

Site

Patient group (N = 100)

No.

Anterior cerebral artery occlusion

8.0

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

67.0

Vertebrobasilar occlusion

20.0

Multiple lacunar

5.0

**Table 3.** Comparison Between Patient and Control Groups Regarding D-Dimer, Fibrinogen and CRP
Parameters	Patient group (N = 100) (mean ± SD)	Control group (N = 100) (mean ± SD)	Mann- Whitney test	P value
**Highly significant at P < 0.001.
D-dimer (ng/mL)	635.5 ± 699.6	99.1 ± 53.8	8.59	< 0.001**
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	365.4 ± 151.8	211.9 ± 15.7	8.66	< 0.001**
CRP (mg/L)	5.2 ± 3.9	0.90 ± 0.33	10.76	< 0.001**

Table 3. Comparison Between Patient and Control Groups Regarding D-Dimer, Fibrinogen and CRP

Parameters

Patient group (N = 100) (mean ± SD)

Control group (N = 100) (mean ± SD)

Mann- Whitney test

P value

**Highly significant at P < 0.001.

D-dimer (ng/mL)

635.5 ± 699.6

99.1 ± 53.8

8.59

< 0.001**

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

365.4 ± 151.8

211.9 ± 15.7

8.66

< 0.001**

CRP (mg/L)

5.2 ± 3.9

0.90 ± 0.33

10.76

< 0.001**

**Table 4.** Comparison Between the Subtypes of Stroke (According to Etiology) Regarding D-Dimer, Fibrinogen and CRP
	Atherothrombotic (N = 48)	Cardioembolic (N = 21)	Lacunar (N = 17)	Undetermined/others (N = 14)	Test	P value	Post hoc test
Significant. *Highly significant.
D-dimer	513.4 ± 574.3	1259.2 ± 954.5	317.1 ± 238.1	500.3 ± 407.7	Kruskal-Wallis test = 15.41	0.001*	P1 = 0.02* P2 = 0.26 P3 = 1.00 P4 = 0.001* P5 = 0.03* P6 = 0.81
Fibrinogen	375.5 ± 157.2	425.3 ± 150.7	257.3 ± 89.4	370.3 ± 129.9	Kruskal-Wallis test = 13.24	0.004*	P1 = 0.76 P2 = 0.002* P3 = 1.00 P4 = 0.001* P5 = 0.91 P6 = 0.21
CRP	6.4 ± 4.3	5.6 ± 3.3	1.5 ± 0.49	4.2 ± 1.4	Kruskal-Wallis test = 26.83	< 0.001**	P1 = 0.97 P2 ≤ 0.001** P3 = 0.04* P4 ≤ 0.001** P5 = 0.47 P6 = 0.002*

Table 4. Comparison Between the Subtypes of Stroke (According to Etiology) Regarding D-Dimer, Fibrinogen and CRP

Atherothrombotic (N = 48)

Cardioembolic (N = 21)

Lacunar (N = 17)

Undetermined/others (N = 14)

Test

P value

Post hoc test

*Significant. **Highly significant.

D-dimer

513.4 ± 574.3

1259.2 ± 954.5

317.1 ± 238.1

500.3 ± 407.7

Kruskal-Wallis test = 15.41

0.001*

P1 = 0.02*
P2 = 0.26
P3 = 1.00
P4 = 0.001*
P5 = 0.03*
P6 = 0.81

Fibrinogen

375.5 ± 157.2

425.3 ± 150.7

257.3 ± 89.4

370.3 ± 129.9

Kruskal-Wallis test = 13.24

0.004*

P1 = 0.76
P2 = 0.002*
P3 = 1.00
P4 = 0.001*
P5 = 0.91
P6 = 0.21

CRP

6.4 ± 4.3

5.6 ± 3.3

1.5 ± 0.49

4.2 ± 1.4

Kruskal-Wallis test = 26.83

< 0.001**

P1 = 0.97
P2 ≤ 0.001**
P3 = 0.04*
P4 ≤ 0.001**
P5 = 0.47
P6 = 0.002*

**Table 5.** Spearman Correlation Between D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, CRP and Scandinavian Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale at Admission
	D-dimer	Fibrinogen	CRP
Significant. *Highly significant.
SSS	-0.464	< 0.001**	-0.492	< 0.001**	-0.367	< 0.001**
mRs	0.397	< 0.001**	0.357	< 0.001**	0.207	0.04*

Table 5. Spearman Correlation Between D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, CRP and Scandinavian Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale at Admission

D-dimer

Fibrinogen

CRP

P-value

*Significant. **Highly significant.

SSS

-0.464

< 0.001**

-0.492

< 0.001**

-0.367

< 0.001**

mRs

0.397

< 0.001**

0.357

< 0.001**

0.207

0.04*

**Table 6.** Spearman Correlation Between D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, CRP and the Outcome of the Stroke Using Scandinavian Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale at 30 Days
	D-dimer	Fibrinogen	CRP
Significant. *Highly significant.
SSS	-0.496	< 0.001**	-0.473	< 0.001**	-0.386	< 0.001**
mRs	0.326	0.001*	0.336	0.001*	0.227	0.03*

Table 6. Spearman Correlation Between D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, CRP and the Outcome of the Stroke Using Scandinavian Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale at 30 Days

D-dimer

Fibrinogen

CRP

P-value

*Significant. **Highly significant.

SSS

-0.496

< 0.001**

-0.473

< 0.001**

-0.386

< 0.001**

mRs

0.326

0.001*

0.336

0.001*

0.227

0.03*