J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 3, June 2015, pages 199-206

Glioblastoma Multiforme and Angiogenesis: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemistry Approach

Figure 1. Immunohistochemistry: (a) GFAP in tumor cells, (b) GFAP in perivascular cells, (c) vimentin in cells, (d) perivascular vimentin, (e) GFAP-δ in tumoral cells and in (f) GFAP-δ expression in perivascular cells. (g) Expression of nestin positive cells in tumoral areas and (h) nestin positive perivascular cells. (i) Expression of βFGF in tumoral cells and in (j) observed βFGF positive immunoreaction in peritumoral cells (original magnification × 400).

Figure 2. Immunohistochemistry of the different primary antibodies used: (a) expression of EVGF in tumoral cells and in (b) perivascular cells EVGF positive cells. (c) EVGF-R2 immunoexpression in tumoral cells and in (d) in perivascular cells positive reaction. (e) The immunoexpression of CD15 in tumoral cells and in (f) perivascular and endothelial cells. (g) CD31 expression of tumoral cells and in (h) perivascular and endothelial cells. (i) The expression of CD34 in tumoral areas and in (j) perivascular and endothelial cells immunoreaction (original magnification × 400).

Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by follow-up and survival. (a) Kaplan-Meier curves stratified with nestin and GFAP immunoexpression correlation ship and the follow-up of the patients. (b) The curve of the relation between patients < 50 years and > 50 years and survival. (c) The curve stratified by recurrence and follow-up and in (d) the survival of the all patients, the median survival at 15 months.

**Table 1.** Clinical and Epidemiological Data of Patients Operated With Glioblastoma
Clinical data	Primary (n = 35)	Secondary (n = 45)	P value	< 50 years (n = 17)	> 50 years (n = 63)	P value
The symptoms up onset, follow-up were calculated by median mounts. Age was also calculated by years and median.
Age	57 years	58 years	0.231	46 years	61 years	0.230
Female	21 (60)	27 (60)	0.000	9 (53)	39 (62)	0.448
Male	14 (40)	18 (40)		8 (47)	24 (38)
Simtoms upset	40 months	36 months	0.000	24 months	45 months	0.737
Total exeresis	12 (43)	12 (27)	0.544	5 (29)	19 (30)	0.004
Partial exeresis	23 (61)	33 (73)		12 (71)	44 (70)
Recurrence	32 (91)	28 (62)	0.003	15 (88)	35	0.014
Post treatment status			0.220			0.140
Improvement	6 (17)	6 (13)		4 (24)	5 (8)
Deterioration	11 (31)	11 (24)		6 (35)	16 (25)
Unchanged	4 (11)	30 (67)		6 (35)	40 (63)
Complementary treatment	19 (54)	25 (56)	0.021	7 (41)	25 (40)	0.012
Death	21 (60)	25 (56)	0.001	7 (41)	45 (71)	0.012
Follow-up (15 months)	13 months	13 months	0.986	13 months	12 months	0.056
Survival	4 months	2 months	0.998	6 months	2 months	0.567

Table 1. Clinical and Epidemiological Data of Patients Operated With Glioblastoma

Clinical data

Primary (n = 35)

Secondary (n = 45)

P value

< 50 years (n = 17)

> 50 years (n = 63)

P value

The symptoms up onset, follow-up were calculated by median mounts. Age was also calculated by years and median.

Age

57 years

58 years

0.231

46 years

61 years

0.230

Female

21 (60)

27 (60)

0.000

9 (53)

39 (62)

0.448

Male

14 (40)

18 (40)

8 (47)

24 (38)

Simtoms upset

40 months

36 months

0.000

24 months

45 months

0.737

Total exeresis

12 (43)

12 (27)

0.544

5 (29)

19 (30)

0.004

Partial exeresis

23 (61)

33 (73)

12 (71)

44 (70)

Recurrence

32 (91)

28 (62)

0.003

15 (88)

0.014

Post treatment status

0.220

0.140

Improvement

6 (17)

6 (13)

4 (24)

5 (8)

Deterioration

11 (31)

11 (24)

6 (35)

16 (25)

Unchanged

4 (11)

30 (67)

6 (35)

40 (63)

Complementary treatment

19 (54)

25 (56)

0.021

7 (41)

25 (40)

0.012

Death

21 (60)

25 (56)

0.001

7 (41)

45 (71)

0.012

Follow-up (15 months)

13 months

0.986

13 months

12 months

0.056

Survival

4 months

2 months

0.998

6 months

2 months

0.567

**Table 2.** Histological Features and Index According to Primary vs. Secondary Tumors and Age
	Primary (n = 35)	Secondary (n = 45)	P value	< 50 years (n = 17)	> 50 years (n = 63)	P value
Mitosis index, MIB-1 index and microvascular density index were calculated by median.
Necrosis	23 (66)	37 (82)	0.091	11 (65)	49 (78)	0.123
Inflammation	11 (31)	25 (56)	0.031	9 (53)	27 (43)	0.458
Mitosis index	3	3	0.521	4	3	0.097
Ki67-LI	18	19	0.033	18	20	0.549
MVD (CD31)	65	62	0.506	58	65	0.117
MVD (CD34)	70	79	0.000	71	89	0.037

Table 2. Histological Features and Index According to Primary vs. Secondary Tumors and Age

Primary (n = 35)

Secondary (n = 45)

P value

< 50 years (n = 17)

> 50 years (n = 63)

P value

Mitosis index, MIB-1 index and microvascular density index were calculated by median.

Necrosis

23 (66)

37 (82)

0.091

11 (65)

49 (78)

0.123

Inflammation

11 (31)

25 (56)

0.031

9 (53)

27 (43)

0.458

Mitosis index

0.521

0.097

Ki67-LI

0.033

0.549

MVD (CD31)

0.506

0.117

MVD (CD34)

0.000

0.037

**Table 3.** Immunoexpression of Primary Antibodies and Labeling Index in Perivascular and Tumoral Areas According to Primary vs. Secondary Tumors
Primary antibodies	Primary tumors	Secondary tumors
In all primary antibodies were evaluated by median.
CD31	65.00	2.00	62.00	2.00	0.037
CD34	69.00	2.00	70.00	2.00	0.030
CD15	2.0	0.00	1.5	0.00	0.261
Factor VIII	6.00	1.50	5.00	1.00	0.231
Vimentin	65.64	50.00	62.00	50.00	0.043
GFAP	6.00	70.00	8.50	70.00	0.285
Nestin	78.00	43.00	71.00	42.00	0.275
GFAP-δ	75.00	2.00	70.00	1.50	0.000
EVGF	62.00	3.00	63.00	2.00	0.005
EVGF-R2	74.50	1.50	71.00	2.00	0.000
βFGF	65.00	55.00	62.00	48.00	0.037

Table 3. Immunoexpression of Primary Antibodies and Labeling Index in Perivascular and Tumoral Areas According to Primary vs. Secondary Tumors

Primary antibodies

Primary tumors

Secondary tumors

Perivascular cells

Tumoral cells

Perivascular cells

Tumoral cells

P value

In all primary antibodies were evaluated by median.

CD31

65.00

2.00

62.00

2.00

0.037

CD34

69.00

2.00

70.00

2.00

0.030

CD15

2.0

0.00

1.5

0.00

0.261

Factor VIII

6.00

1.50

5.00

1.00

0.231

Vimentin

65.64

50.00

62.00

50.00

0.043

GFAP

6.00

70.00

8.50

70.00

0.285

Nestin

78.00

43.00

71.00

42.00

0.275

GFAP-δ

75.00

2.00

70.00

1.50

0.000

EVGF

62.00

3.00

63.00

2.00

0.005

EVGF-R2

74.50

1.50

71.00

2.00

0.000

βFGF

65.00

55.00

62.00

48.00

0.037