J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 3, June 2015, pages 193-198

The Importance of Some Possible Somatic and Environmental Risk Factors for the Development of Migraine

**Table 1.** Associations Between Asthma, Epilepsy and Low Back Pain and the 8-Year Risk of Development of Migraine in a Danish Population Aged 18 - 41
Disease	Migraine prevalence in % (n)	MA prevalence in % (n)	MO prevalence in % (n)
Asthma Without asthma OR (95% CI)	15.0 (1,127) 13.8 (1,735) 1.10 (0.89 - 1.35)	6.2 (42) 4.9 (555) 1.29 (0.92 - 1.79)	9.9 (70) 9.8 (1,180) 1.01 (0.78 - 1.30)
Epilepsy Without epilepsy OR (95% CI)	14.7 (29) 13.9 (1,841) 1.07 (0.72 - 1.58)	4.5 (8) 5.0 (595) 0.91 (0.45 - 1.87)	11.1 (21) 9.8 (1,246) 1.14 (0.73 - 1.80)
Low back pain Without low back pain OR (95% CI)	15.0 (1,257) 12.0 (611) 1.29 (1.17 - 1.44)	5.6 (423) 3.9 (181) 1.47 (1.23 - 1.76)	10.5 (834) 8.8 (430) 1.22 (1.08 - 1.38)

Table 1. Associations Between Asthma, Epilepsy and Low Back Pain and the 8-Year Risk of Development of Migraine in a Danish Population Aged 18 - 41

Disease

Migraine prevalence in % (n)

MA prevalence in % (n)

MO prevalence in % (n)

Asthma
Without asthma
OR (95% CI)

15.0 (1,127)
13.8 (1,735)
1.10 (0.89 - 1.35)

6.2 (42)
4.9 (555)
1.29 (0.92 - 1.79)

9.9 (70)
9.8 (1,180)
1.01 (0.78 - 1.30)

Epilepsy
Without epilepsy
OR (95% CI)

14.7 (29)
13.9 (1,841)
1.07 (0.72 - 1.58)

4.5 (8)
5.0 (595)
0.91 (0.45 - 1.87)

11.1 (21)
9.8 (1,246)
1.14 (0.73 - 1.80)

Low back pain
Without low back pain
OR (95% CI)

15.0 (1,257)
12.0 (611)
1.29 (1.17 - 1.44)

5.6 (423)
3.9 (181)
1.47 (1.23 - 1.76)

10.5 (834)
8.8 (430)
1.22 (1.08 - 1.38)

**Table 2.** Associations Between Environmental Factors and the 8-Year Risk of Development of Migraine in a Danish Population Aged 18 - 41
Environmental factor	Migraine prevalence in % (n)	MA prevalence in % (n)	MO prevalence in % (n)
Low education High education OR (95% CI)	14.5 (1,393) 11.4 (208) 1.32 (1.13 - 1.54)	5.1 (440) 4.0 (67) 1.29 (1.00 - 1.68)	10.4 (953) 8.0 (141) 1.33 (1.11 - 1.60)
Heavy physical workload Low physical workload OR (95% CI)	14.7 (883) 13.2 (967) 1.13 (1.02 - 1.25)	4.9 (263) 4.9 (331) 0.98 (0.83 - 1.17)	10.8 (620) 9.1 (636) 1.21 (1.07 - 1.36)
Heavy physical rec. activity Low physical rec. activity OR (95% CI)	14.7 (907) 12.9 (813) 1.16 (1.05 - 1.29)	5.3 (294) 4.7 (268) 1.14 (0.96-1.35)	10.4 (613) 9.1 (545) 1.17 (1.04 - 1.32)
Underweight Normal weight OR (95% CI)	17.7 (121) 14.0 (1,393) 1.32 (1.08 - 1.62)	8.2 (50) 4.8 (429) 1.78 (1.32 - 2.40)	11.2 (71) 10.1 (964) 1.12 (0.87 - 1.45)
Overweight Normal weight OR (95% CI)	12.8 (291) 14.0 (1,393) 0.90 (0.79 - 1.04)	4.9 (101) 4.8 (429) 1.02 (0.81 - 1.28)	8.8 (190) 10.1 (964) 0.85 (0.73 - 1.00)
Obese Normal weight OR (95% CI)	13.4 (54) 14.0 (1,393) 0.95 (0.71 - 1.28)	4.4 (16) 4.8 (429) 0.92 (0.55 - 1.53)	9.8 (38) 10.1 (964) 0.97 (0.69 - 1.36)
Current or former smoker Non-smoker Odds ratio (95% CI)	13.8 (907) 14.1 (968) 0.97 (0.88 - 1.07)	5.1 (306) 4.8 (295) 1.08 (0.91 - 1.27)	9.6 (601) 10.2 (673) 0.93 (0.82 - 1.04)
Regular alcohol consumption Occasionally alcohol cons. OR (95% CI)	12.2 (948) 17.8 (752) 0.64 (0.58 - 0.71)	4.2 (298) 6.9 (256) 0.59 (0.50 - 0.70)	8.7 (650) 12.5 (496) 0.67 (0.59 - 0.76)

Table 2. Associations Between Environmental Factors and the 8-Year Risk of Development of Migraine in a Danish Population Aged 18 - 41

Environmental factor

Migraine prevalence in % (n)

MA prevalence in % (n)

MO prevalence in % (n)

Low education
High education
OR (95% CI)

14.5 (1,393)
11.4 (208)
1.32 (1.13 - 1.54)

5.1 (440)
4.0 (67)
1.29 (1.00 - 1.68)

10.4 (953)
8.0 (141)
1.33 (1.11 - 1.60)

Heavy physical workload
Low physical workload
OR (95% CI)

14.7 (883)
13.2 (967)
1.13 (1.02 - 1.25)

4.9 (263)
4.9 (331)
0.98 (0.83 - 1.17)

10.8 (620)
9.1 (636)
1.21 (1.07 - 1.36)

Heavy physical rec. activity
Low physical rec. activity
OR (95% CI)

14.7 (907)
12.9 (813)
1.16 (1.05 - 1.29)

5.3 (294)
4.7 (268)
1.14 (0.96-1.35)

10.4 (613)
9.1 (545)
1.17 (1.04 - 1.32)

Underweight
Normal weight
OR (95% CI)

17.7 (121)
14.0 (1,393)
1.32 (1.08 - 1.62)

8.2 (50)
4.8 (429)
1.78 (1.32 - 2.40)

11.2 (71)
10.1 (964)
1.12 (0.87 - 1.45)

Overweight
Normal weight
OR (95% CI)

12.8 (291)
14.0 (1,393)
0.90 (0.79 - 1.04)

4.9 (101)
4.8 (429)
1.02 (0.81 - 1.28)

8.8 (190)
10.1 (964)
0.85 (0.73 - 1.00)

Obese
Normal weight
OR (95% CI)

13.4 (54)
14.0 (1,393)
0.95 (0.71 - 1.28)

4.4 (16)
4.8 (429)
0.92 (0.55 - 1.53)

9.8 (38)
10.1 (964)
0.97 (0.69 - 1.36)

Current or former smoker
Non-smoker
Odds ratio (95% CI)

13.8 (907)
14.1 (968)
0.97 (0.88 - 1.07)

5.1 (306)
4.8 (295)
1.08 (0.91 - 1.27)

9.6 (601)
10.2 (673)
0.93 (0.82 - 1.04)

Regular alcohol consumption
Occasionally alcohol cons.
OR (95% CI)

12.2 (948)
17.8 (752)
0.64 (0.58 - 0.71)

4.2 (298)
6.9 (256)
0.59 (0.50 - 0.70)

8.7 (650)
12.5 (496)
0.67 (0.59 - 0.76)